Index

INDEX

Abbott, Robert, 314 Abenakis, 32 Abiko, Kyutaro, 255-257 Adair, James, 83 Adams, John, 47 Adams, John Quincy, 156 Aeker, Ira C., 353 affirmative action, 395, 402-403 Afghans,9-10,418-425 anti-Muslim nativism and, 422-423 cultural traditions and, 422,425 employment and business of, 421-422 9/11 and, 420, 422-425 Pakistan and, 420-421 as refugees, 420-421 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 418 Taliban and, 419-421 women, 420, 422 younger generation, 424-426 Africa, 49, 51, 118-122, 326-327, 329 African Americans, 7, 50-71, 98-130, 311-335,350-359,388-404.See also slavery Asian Americans and, 402-403 affirmative action and, 395, 402-403 Bacon's Rebellion and, 59-60, 335 Brown u. Board of Education and, 388-389 in Chicago, 318-323 Chinese and, 182-189 citizenship and, 121 Civil Rights Movement of, 9, 389-397, 443 Civil War and, 15-16, 110-112, 122-124 deindustrialization and, 399-400 Delany, Martin, and, 118-112 "double victory" and , 16-17 Douglass, Frederick, and, 113-118, 122,125,131,142 during colonial period, 49-71 cotton and, 12, 332-333

education and, 44, 114, 130, 385, 388-389,402-403 as factory workers, 109-110, 127, 320-323,399-400 "forty acres and a mule" and, 123-125 Garvey, Marcus, and, 325-327, 395 Great Depression and, 332-335 in Harlem, 323-333 Harlem Renaissance and, 328-332 in Hawaii, 24 7 integration of the defense industry and,355-357 Irish and, 11, 131, 141-145, 154 Italians and, 320 Jefferson, Thomas, and, 62-71 Jewish Holocaust victims and, 393-395 Jewsand,9,393-395 in Jim Crow army, 350-355 King, Martin Luther, Jr., and, 7, 17, 340-343,396-387,443 Koreans and, 401-402 Los Angeles riot of 1992 and, 400-402 Mexicans and, 366 migrations north and, 311-318, 394-397 "North of Slavery," 99-102 poverty and, 396-402 "Problem of the Color Line," 339 promised land, 318 railroad and, 12 Sambo and, 102-112 segregation and, 99-102, 129-130, 316,324,334,350-355,385 as sharecroppers, 125-126, 313 slave revolts, 106-108 as soldiers, 15-16, 112, 350-355 structural economic inequality and, 396-402 as Tuskegee pilots, 352-353 unions and, 321-322, 334-335 Washington, Booker T., and, 128-129, 316,327

African Americans (cont.) Watts riot of 1965 and, 396-397 welfare and, 396-400 women, 320, 325, 354-357, 383-385, 395,398 World War II and, 350-359, 384-385 Africans, 49-57, 64 Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 333 agriculture. See Chinese; Indians; Japanese; Mexicans Ahad, Farhad, 420 Aiken, George D., 380 Alamo, 157 Alien Land Act, 301-302, 385 Allen, Paula Gunn, 437 Alvarado, Juan, 162 American Cultures Requirement, 6, 444 American Dream, 394, 396 American Federation of Labor, 306 American Progress, 97 American Revolution, 65-67, 121 An American Dilemma (Myrdal), 340 Ancient Order of Hibernians, 153 Andrews, Eliza, 111 Angel Island, 202-203 Angelou, Maya, 383-384 Ansary, Tamim, 424 antimiscegenation law, 18 Antin, Mary, 262 Anzaldua, Gloria, 436 Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (Walker, D.), 99 Arapahoes, 224 Arnold, H. H. "Hap," 352 Asia, 177-178, 211 Asian Americans, 4, 5, 7-8, 19, 402-403 Asian Indians, 300-302 Atlanta Exposition, 127-129 Auld, Hugh, 113-114, 117 Auld, Sophia, 113-115, 117 Austin, Stephen, 156-157

Baba, Kosaburo, 174 Bacon, David, 427 Bacon, Nathaniel, 59 Bacon's Rebellion, 59-60, 335 Baker, Ray Stannard, 273, 313-314, 316,318 Baker, Robert, 50 Banneker, Benjamin, 66-67 Barrera, Mario, 6 Bean, Walton, 168 Beaumont, Gustave de, 134 Begay, Keats, 370 Benedict, Ruth, 339 Ben-Gurion, David, 380 Bennett, Elaine, 354 Benton, Thomas Hart, 177 Beothuks, 23-25 Berkeley, William, 57-60 Berlin, Irving, 438 Berrol, Selma C., 285

Bibb, Henry, 106 Biddle, Francis, 343 Bidwell, John, 162 Big Foot, 215, 216 bin Laden, Osama, 10, 420 Black Elk, 215, 216, 438 black intellectuals, 327-328 Black Kettle, 217 black nationalism, 118-122, 325-327, 395 Black Power movement, 386, 395 Black Star Line, 326-327 Black, Timuel, 352 blacks. See African Americans Blanchard, Socorro Diaz, 362 Borica, Diego de, 160 Bosque Redondo, 226, 230, 367 Boulder Dam, 227-228 Bowles, Samuel, 187 braceros, 364 Bradford, William, 39-40, 43 Brereton, John, 33 Brodie, Fawn, 70 Brown, Dee, 6 Brown, John, 116, 393 Brown v. Board of Education, 388-389 Bruce, John E., 143 Buckley, Michael, 137-138, 139 Budnitz, Barbara, 407 buffalo,91-93,95-97,218 Burke Act, 223 Bush, George W., 428-429

Cahan, Abraham, 263, 266, 271, 272-273,281-282,288,290 Caliban. See The Tempest California, 7, 12, 158-169, 172-175, 177-185, 190-205,252-258, 294-301,417-418,428,432-433. See also Gold Rush Callendar, James, 68-69 Calleros, Cleofas, 292, 296 Carmichael, Stokely, 395 Carson, Kit, 227, 367 Cass, Lewis, 85, 87-89 Catholicism, 8, 28-29, 143, 161, 210, 308 Champlain, Samuel de, 38-39 Chan, Yong, 190 Chaney, James, 393 Chapa, Victoriano, 169 Chapman, Alfred B., 169 Chau, Doanh, 418 Chau, Luong Bot, 414 Chavez, Carmen, 366 Chavez, Cesar, 387 Chavez, Linda, 428 Chen, Lilac, 193 Cherokees, 46, 82, 87-91 Chew,Lee, 194-195,197-198 Cheyenne,218,224 Chicago, 318-323 Chickasaw, 79 Childs, Lyn, 356-357

Chin, Gee-Hee, 192-193 Chin, Lem, 193 Chinatowns, 195-197, 203-204, 410 Chinese, 7, 18, 177-205, 409-411. See also Chinatowns, Chinese Exclusion Act, Gold Mountain, Transcontinental Railroad African Americans and, 182, 186, 188-189 agriculture and, 12, 183-184, 186 Chinese Exclusion Act and, 7, 184, 188, 189-190,200,287,301,361 citizenship and, 152, 187, 190, 201-203,221,409 Civil Rights Act of 1870 and, 190 in defense industry, 359-360 education and, 205, 409 foreign miners' tax and, 180 in garment industry, 183, 410 Gold Rush and, 7, 14, 179-181 "hostage theory" and, 192 Indians and, 189 Irish and, 139-141, 147, 154 Japanese and, 233-236, 239, 359-361 as laundrymen, 185 manufacturing industry in, 182-183 as migrant farm laborers, 184 "Opium Wars" and, 178 as "paper sons," 201-203 as prostitutes, 193-194 racial antagonism and, 180, 184-190 as railroad workers, 12, 78, 94, 178, 181-182,428 as recent immigrants, 408-411 repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act and,361 San Francisco earthquake and, 201 second generation, 203-205 self-employment and, 184, 195-196 in South, 186 strikes and, 13, 140-141, 182, 184, 243,245 women, 191-195, 200-201, 204, 360, 384,410 World War II and, 359-361, 384 Chinese Exclusion Act, 7, 184, 188, 189-190,200,287,301,361 Chinese Six Companies, 193, 197 Choctaws, 83-87 Chung, Chuong Hoang, 416-417 Churchill, Winston, 381 citizenship, 439 African Americans and, 121 Chinese and, 152, 187, 190, 201-203, 221,409 Indians and, 221 Irish and, 8, 151-152 Japanese and, 239, 257-258, 343-345, 347,386 Mexicans and, 9, 294, 307, 433 "city upon a hill," 26, 48, 163, 256 Civil Rights Act of 1870, 17, 190-191 Civil Rights Movement, 9, 389-397, 443

Civil War, 15-16, 110-112, 122-124, 144-145, 271 "civilization" and "savagery," 4-5, 28, 31, 33,43,48,80-81,97,177,216 Clark, Kenneth, 396 Clinton, Bill, 434-435 code talkers, Navajo, 367-371 Coffee,John,81,85 Cohen,Rose,267-268 Cold War, 403-404, 406, 418-419 Collier, John, 225-230 colonia mexicana, 307-309 Columbia College, 286 Columbus, Christopher, 25, 32 Committee for Industrial Organization,

13 Committee on Fair Employment Practice, 356 The Condition, Elevation, Emigration and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States (Delany), 119 Congress of Racial Equality, 391-392 Connerly, Ward, 402-403 Constitution, U.S., 11, 75 corn,38-40,83,93 cotton, 12, 75-78, 156, 171, 297-298, 332-333 Cotton, John, 40 Covey, Edward, 115-116 Cox, J. D., 94 Crazy Horse, 218 credit-ticket system, 179, 197 Creeks, 79-80 Crocker, Charles, 181-182, 187-188 Cuba, 25, 374 Cuddihy, John, 8, 280-281 Cuneo, Michele de, 32 Curley, James, 287 Custer, George Armstrong, 216-218

Dana, Richard Henry, 161-162 Dark Ghetto (Clark), 396 Davis, Hugh, 54 Davis, W. M., 89 Dawes Act, 221-224 Dawes, Henry, 222 De La Warr, Lord, 30-31 Declaration oflndependence, 14-15, 45, 66,250 Deevy,Lena,407,408 Delany, Martin, 118-122 Detroit race riot, 357-358 devil, Indians and, 41-43 DeWitt, John L., 343-344 Dickens, Charles, 139 Dickstein, Samuel, 371-372 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 411 Diner, Rasia, 147 diseases, Indians and, 39-40, 93 Dixon,Frank,339-340 Dobie, J. Frank, 171 Donald, David Herbert, 15 Douglass, Anna, 117

Douglass, Frederick, 113-118, 122, 125, 131,142 Drake, Sir Francis, 30 Draper,Teddy,369,371 Du Bois, W. E. B., 7, 315, 316, 334, 339, 382,389,439 Dunbar, John B., 92 Dutcher, Elizabeth, 285

"E pluribus unum," 6, 20, 78 Early, Steve, 358 "East Meets West," 424-425 Edmunds, Richard H., 127 education. See African Americans; Chinese; Irish; Japanese; Jews; Mexicans Eirik the Red, 23 Eiriksson, Leif, 24 Eiriksson, Thorvald, 23 El Norte, 292-310, 427 Ellis Island, 266, 267, 270 Emancipation Proclamation, 112, 392 Emmons, Delos, 342-343, 348 epistemology, 441-445 Eppes, Francis, 63 Equiano, Olaudah, 51-52 Erikson, Kai, 42 "errand into the wilderness," 26, 82, 163, 435 Executive Order 9066, 344

Fair Employment Opportunity Commission, 395 Fanon, Frantz, ;:J95 Feigenbaum, Benjamin, 278 Feiner, Bella, 273 Feingold, Henry, 379 Feinstein, Dianne, 428 Felipe, Subi Lin, 409 Fellenz, Walter J., 379 Fifteenth Amendment, 124 Filipinos, 13,238,240, 243-246, 247 Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 20, 290-291 Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 139, 149, 152,

154 Folsom, David, 84 Ford, Henry, 288 foreign miners' tax, 165, 180, 191 Forrestal, James, 379 Fort Mystic, 41 Fort Sutter, 159, 162 442nd Regimental Combat Team, 349 Fourteenth Amendment, 124, 385, 388 Franchimastabe, Chief, 83 Franklin, Benjamin, 133 Frazier, E. Franklin, 325 freedom riders, 391-392 Freedom Summer, 9, 393, 443 frontier thesis, 4-5, 44, 97, 209-213, 216 Frost, Robert, 380 Fuentes, Carlos, 436 Fukuda, Matsu, 250 Fukuda, Shokichi, 250

"The Future of the Colored Race" (Douglass, F.), 118

Gabaldon, Guy Louis, 363-364 Gadener, Melanie, 424 Galarza, Ernesto, 304, 308, 309 Gallup, George, 335 Galvan, Alonso, 304 Gamio, Manuel, 304 Gandhi, Mahatma, 390 garment industry, 12, 150,271-280,410 Garraty, John A., 190 Garrison, William Lloyd, 99, 116 Garvey, Marcus, 325-327, 395 Geneva conference, 411 Gentlemen's Agreement, 234, 297, 301 Gettysburg Address, 16, 250 Ghost Dance, 214-215 Gibson, Truman K., 351 "giddy multitude," 58-60, 71, 78, 106, 128,142,151,174,190,335 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 29-31 Glauberman, Lazar, 18 Glenn, Susan A., 275, 279, 284 Goethe, C. M., 305 Gold, Michael, 290 Gold Mountain, 7, 178-179, 191, 199, 409 Gold Rush, 7, 14, 165-166, 179-181, 438 Goldman, Emma, 266 Gompers, Samuel, 174 Goodman, Andrew, 393 Gorton, Samuel, 31 Gossett, Thomas F., 101 Grace, William R., 153 Grado, Pedro, 176 Grady, Alice, 398 Grant, Madison, 288, 305 Grant, Ulysses S., 94, 163, 193 Grantham, Thomas, 60 Gray, Robert, 36 Great Depression, 299, 306, 332-335 Greenberg,Jack,9,393,394 Greenland, 23, 24 Gresham, Walter, 209-210 Guerra, Pablo de la, 165 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 412 Gullion, Allen, 343

Hakluyt, Richard, 31 Hall, George W., 189 Halpern, Ben, 290 Hammond, James, 103-104 Handlin, Oscar, 5 Harkins, George W., 86-87 Harlem, 289, 323-333, 395, 400 Harris, Mary (Mother Jones), 153 Harrison, William Henry, 47 Harvard,8, 119, 152,286-287,394 Hatch, Claude, 369-370 Hawaii, 13, 233, 237-251, 303, 342-343, 441-442 Hawaii Laborers' Association, 245 Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, 238-239,244,247

Hayes, Rutherford B., 189 Haymarket Massacre, 128,210 Hecht, Ben, 377 Heinze, Andrew R., 282 Hemings, Sally, 68-70 Hertzberg, Arthur, 374 Higginson, Francis, 40 Higham, John, 289 Hill, Fanny Christina, 357 Hill, Herbert, 393 Hillel, Rabbi, 394 Hinahara, Minoru, 348 Hirabayashi, Gordon, 345 Hiroshima, 212, 380-382 Hitler, Adolph, 9, 16, 340, 371, 375, 377 Ho Chi Minh, 411 Hoffman, Charles, 406 Holmes, John Hayes, 376 Holocaust, 9, 371-380, 393 Honest Whore, 28 Hoover, Herbert, 335 Hoover, J. Edgar, 343 hostage theory, 192 Houston, Charles H., 350 Houston, Sam, 157-158 Howe, Irving, 6, 280 Hoxie, Frederick, 221 Hughes, Langston, 19-20, 327-330, 332, 400,439 Hurston, Zora Neale, 331-332

Iglesias, Wenceslao, 303 Imamura, Ichiro, 378-379 immigrants, 9, 14, 408, 426-433. See also Afghans; Asian Americans; Asian Indians; Chinese; Irish; Japanese; Jews; Mexicans; Vietnamese Immigration Act of 1924, 258, 287, 297 Immigration Act of 1965, 17,409 Immigration Act of 1986, 407-408, 429-430 indentured servitude, 53-58, 71 Indian Appropriation Act, 95 Indian Reorganization Act, 225-226 Indian Trade and Intercourse Act, 81 Indians, 10, 18, 23-48, 79-97, 214-231. See also specific tribes agriculture and, 38-41, 47, 438 allotment and, 221, 225 Bacon's Rebellion and, 59-60 Chinese and, 189 citizenship and, 221 during colonial period, 27-28, 30-48 Custer, George Armstrong, and, 216-218 Dawes Act and, 221-222 devil and, 41-43 diseases and, 39-40, 93 education and, 221 ghost dance and, 214-216 "Indian Question" and, 219-225 Indian Reorganization Act, 225-226 Jefferson, Thomas, and, 39, 45-48

land and, 39, 44-48, 58, 77-78, 79-91, 211, 219-224, 225 Little Big Horn, battle of, 218 "Long Walk," 226, 367 Navajo code talkers, 368-369 railroad and, 93-97, 219-220, 222-223 removaland,81-91,226 reservations and, 217-228 as slaves, 41 as slave owners, 83-84 as soldiers, 369-371 stock reduction program and Navajos, 227-231 treaties with, 79, 81, 83-89, 95, 223 Walker, Francis Amasa, and, 218-221 World War II and, 367-371 Wounded Knee, massacre of, 214-216 The Influence of Sea Power upon History (Mahan), 210-212 Ing, Hay, 199 Inouye, Daniel, 349-350, 387 internment camps, 8, 16-17, 18, 342-350,378-379,385-387 Ireland, 8, 28-30, 53, 131-137, 142, 143, 154 Irish, 8, 18, 131-154, 258, 407-408 African Americans and, 11, 131, 141-145, 154 "American wake" and, 136 anti-draft riots and, 144-145 British imperialism and, 28-30, 132-137, 154 canals and, 137, 138 Catholicism and, 8, 28-29, 143 Chinese and, 139~141, 147, 154 citizenship and, 8, 151-152 during Civil War, 144-145 education and, 152 ethnic strategy of, 151-154 "Green Power," 151-154 Harvard and, 152 Irish "slave trade," 8, 53 as maids, 131, 141-149 politics and, 152-153 Potato Famine and, 135-136 as recent immigrants, 407-408 railroad and, 12, 78, 94, 138 strikes and, 13, 140-141 textile mills in, 12, 78, 145, 149-150 during war with Mexico, 155 women, 145-151, 320 Israel, 380, 407 Italians, 147, 152, 258, 267, 276, 284 African Americans and, 320 strikes and, 175,278 World War II and, 344, 348

Jackson, Andrew, 10, 79-82, 88-89 Jackson, Margaret Y., 354-355 Jacobs, Harriet, 18, 112-113 Jamestown, 4, 45, 60 Japan,212,232-233,235-236,381-382

524

Japanese,7-8,232-261,262,292 agriculture and, 252-257, 301, 303 Alien Land Act and, 257, 301-302, 385 in California, 252-261, 343-350 Chinese and, 233-236, 239, 359-361 citizenship and, 239, 250-251, 257-258,343-345,347,386 education and, 235, 248, 250-251, 259 Executive Order 9066 and, 344 Filipinos and, 13, 238, 243-246, 247 442nd Regimental Combat Team and, 17, 344-350 Gentlemen's Agreement and, 234 Great Depression and, 259-261 in Hawaii, 233, 237-251, 342-343, 348 Immigration Act of 1924 and, 258, 287,297 internment camps and, 8, 16-17, 18, 342-350,378-379,385-387 Jewish Holocaust victims and, 378-379 land and, 252-253, 257, 385 loyalty oath and, 347-348 Mexicans and, 13-14, 174-175 Military Intelligence Service in, 348 in 100th Battalion, 348-349 Ozawa,Takao,257-258 as picture brides, 233-237 pidgin English and, 249, 251, 441 as railroad workers, 12-13, 253 redress and reparations and, 8, 386-387 second generation and, 259-261 strikes and, 174-175, 242-245 as sugar plantation laborers, 237-245 women,233-237,240,253-254 World War II and, 8, 16-17, 18, 341-350,378-379,380-382,386-387 Yamato Colony, 256-257 Japanese Federation of Labor, 244-245 Jefferson, Thomas, 11, 45-48, 62-71, 79, 83,155,209 African Americans and, 62-71 Indians and, 45-48 Jews,8-9, 18-19,262-291,371-380 African Americans and, 9, 378, 393-395 anti-Semitism and, 9, 14, 16, 261-263, 286-289,372,394,406-407 "deafening silence" over the Holocaust, 9, 371- 380 education and, 8, 265, 267, 285-289 garment industry and, 271-280 German Jews, 272, 288, 371-372, 374 as "green horns," 280-282, 291 Great Gatsby and, 291 Harvard and, 8, 286-287, 394 Holocaust and, 9, 371-380, 393 Italians and, 276, 278 Japanese Americans and, 378-379 in Lower East Side, 267-280, 289 peddlers as, 270-271, 274, 289 "Promised Land" and, 264, 290, 292

INDEX

as recent immigrants, 406-407 Roosevelt, Franklin D., and, 9, 371-380 as soldiers, 379 SS St. Louis and, 384 strikes and, 277-280 Triangle Shirt Waist Factory fire and, 276-277 women, 8, 12, 147, 265, 274-280, 283-284 World War II and, 371-380 Jim Crow. See African Americans, segregation Johnson, Andrew, 124 Johnson, Annette Thackwell, 301 Johnson, Edward, 40, 43, 47 Johnson, James Weldon, 331 Johnson,Lyndon,395-396,412 Johnson, Richard, 33 Jones, Evan, 90 Jones, Mary, 111 Jordan, Winthrop, 50-51 Julian, George, 124

Kallen, Horace, 289 Kam Wah Chung Store, 199 Kan, Andrew, 191, 200 Karlsefni, Gudrid, 24 Karlsefni, Thorfinn, 24 Kasai, Ellen, 251 Kaufman,Jonathan,394-395 Kaya, Fusayo Fukuda, 350 Kearney, Dennis, 147 Kearney.John, 151,152 Kennedy,John,412 Kennedy, Robert, 408 Kermode, Frank, 33 Khan, Mohammed Daoud, 418 Kharmosh, Homoyoun, 422 King, Jimmy, 368 King, John, 53 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 7, 17, 390-393, 396-397, 443 King Philip's War, 41, 43-44 King,Rodney,400-401 Kirk, George, 369 Klaperman, Gilbert, 266-267 Knights of St. Crispin, 13, 140 Knox, Frank, 342 Koreans,238,240,243,246,401-402 Korematsu, Fred, 345 Kristallnacht, 372-373

La Farge, Oliver, 370 Lai, Chun-Chuen, 180 Lambert, Margaret Villanueva, 362 Le, Loan Vo, 415 Lee, Chew, 185 Leese,Jacob,159, 161 LeFlore, Greenwood, 83-84 Lemlich, Clara, 278 Len, Mau Yun, 192 Lepore, Jill, 41 Leupp, Francis, 224

Levinsky, David, 266, 271, 273, 281-282, 283 Levison, Stanley, 9, 393 Lewis, C. S., 442 Lewis, John L., 334 Likitaweelashar, Chief, 96 Lincoln, Abraham, 7, 15-16, 144,382 Linker, Mollie, 263, 284 Little Big Horn, battle of, 217-218 Little, Keith, 371 Litwack, Leon, 99 Lizarras, J.M., 174-175 Locke, Alain, 328 Locke, John, 20 Logan, Rayford, 130 Loguen,J. W., 107 Lone Chief, 96 Lone Wolf, 223 Long Walk, 226, 367 Loomis, A. W., 193 Lopez, Alexis, 431-432 Lorde, Audre, 19 "Lord's garden," 26, 48, 211 Los Angeles riot of 1992, 400-402 Louis, Kit King, 205 Louisiana Purchase, 11 Loving, Mildred, 18 Loving, Richard, 18 Lowell, Abbott Lawrence, 152, 286-287, 305 Lowell, Francis, 76 Lower East Side, 267-280, 289-290, 394 Lu, Chris, 437 Lukermann, Fred, 6 lunch counter sit-ins, 391 Lundy, Benjamin, 99 Lung, On, 199 Luther Standing Bear, 10

Madison, James, 11, 69, 98 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 210-212 Maiwandi, Nadia Ali, 422-423 Malcolm X, 397 Manhattan Project, 381 "manifest destiny," 5, 163-164, 439 Manlapit, Pablo, 246 Mann, Horace, 142 March on Washington, 17, 392-393 Margoshes, Samuel, 374 Market Revolution, 11, 75-78, 155, 158,209 Markusen, Ann, 404 Marsh, John, 160 Marshall, Thurgood, 357, 388-389 Mason, John, 31, 41 Massachusetts, 7, 8, 10, 13 Master Narrative of Amer:ican History, 4-5,435 Mather, Cotton, 41, 42-43 Mather, Increase, 41-42 Matsui, Doris, 434 Matsui, Robert, 8, 344, 387 McCain, Franklin, 391 McConnell, E.G., 354

McWilliams, Carey, 172-173, 183 Meade, George G., 163 Meir, Golda, 263 Melville, Herman, 435-436, 439, 444 Menard, Russell, 57 Mendez v. Westminster School District of Orange County, 388 Mexican Revolution, 293-294 Mexican-American War, 155, 158-159, 162-164, 177,226 Mexicans, 9, 155-176, 292-310, 426-433 African Americans and, 366 amnesty for, 9, 426, 430 Asian Indians and, 300-302 barrio and, 307-310 as braceros, 364 in California, 158-162 Catholicism and, 308 citizenship and, 9, 294, 307, 433 civil rights for, 386-388 in defense industry, 364-367 education and, 303-305, 388, 432-433 El Norte and, 9, 292-310, 427 as farm workers, 297-300, 387, 428, 432 foreign miners' tax and, 165 as garment workers, 296, 430 Gold Rush and, 165-166, 438 Great Depression and, 299, 306-307 Harvard and, 305 Immigration Law of, 1986 and, 430 Irish and, 407-408 Japanese and, 13-14, 174-175 land claims and, 161, 167-170, 293 "manifest destiny" and, 163-164 Mendez v. Westminster and, 388 Mexican-American War and, 155-164, 177,226 Mexican revolution and, 293-300, 428,432 mines and, 12, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176 "mutualistas" and, 176 North American Free Trade Agreeement (NAFTA) and, 427 railroad and, 13, 171-172, 294-295, 297,307 repatriation and, 306-307 segregation and, 302-304, 386 Sikhs and, 300-302 as soldiers, 362-363 strikes and, 174-176, 299-300 in Texas, 166-167, 170-171 as undocumented immigrants, 9, 426-433 women, 296, 300, 301-302, 365-367, 388 vaqueros and, 170-171 World War II and, 361-367, 384, 387-388 Mexico, 155-164, 293-294 Mier y Teran, Manuel, 156 Mifune, Aiko, 250, 350 Miller, Christian, 55

Miller, John F., 188 Miller, Kelley, 333 Miller, Minnie, 18-19 mines, 12, 139, 165-166, 172-173, 174-176. See also Gold Rush miscegenation, 18, 61, 70, 301, 305, 439 Miskeenyar, Asia, 419 Moby Dick (Melville), 435-436 "model minority," 402-404 Mohegans, 44-45 Mojadidi, Feraidoon, 421-422 Monroe,James,71 Montagu, Ashley, 339 Montejano, David, 168 Montgomery bus boycott, 389-391 Montgomery, David, 153 Morales, Victoria, 366-367 Morgan, Edmund, 60 Morgan, Thomas, 223 Morgenthau, Henry, 377 Morrison, Toni, 4, 317-318, 437 Morton, Samuel, 100-101 Morton, Thomas, 31, 38, 43 Mowry, Sylvester, 173 Mujahideen, 10, 419 multiculturalism, 5-6, 444-445 Murayama, Milton, 246, 248 Murtaza, Layma, 424 Muslims, 9-10, 423-426 mutualistas, 176 Myrdal, Gunnar, 340 "mystic chords of memory," 15,439

NAACP, 334, 350-351, 389, 393 Nadich, Judah, 379 Nagasaki, 382 Narragansetts, 38-39, 44 National Origins Act of 1924, 258,305 Native Americans. See Indians Naturalization Act of 1790, 8, 17, 190, 386 Navajos, 226-231, 367-371 Nazism, 339, 340, 375-376, 379 Nehira, Tanabe, 386 Nelson, Barbara, 407 New Deal, 225-227, 230, 333-335 New England, 37-44 New South, 126-128 New York City draft riots, 144-145 Ng, Wing, 409-410 Nguyen, Tuyet Anh, 414 Nhu, T. T., 418 Nishi, Shunji, 442-443 North American Free Trade Agreement, 427 North, Douglass C., 76-77 Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 46,62-63 Nourzaie, Fatema, 425-426 Nourzaie, Omar, 10, 426 Nova Britania (Johnson, R.), 33 Novick, Paul, 280

Obama, Barack, 437 O'Connell, Daniel, 142 O'Connell, Joanne, 408 O'Daly, Angus, 30 O'Day, Caroline, 373 Ojibwa, 27 Okada, Tadao, 246 Okawa, Richard, 247 Okuye, Seinosuke, 257 Olmstead, Frederick Law, 109-110 "one-drop" rule, 61, 436-437 Ono, Kimiko, 254 Onyett, Helen Pon, 384 Orderly Departure Program, 418 Osofsky, Gilbert, 324 O'Sullivan, John L., 163 O'Sullivan, Mary Kenny, 153 "Other," the, 4, 20, 28, 131, 143, 177,437 Our Country (Strong), 210 Oyama, Kajiro, 385 Oyama, Kohide, 385 Ozawa, Takao, 257-258

Page Law, 192 Pakistan, 419, 420-421, 423 Palafox, Camelia, 430-431 Pale of Settlement, 262, 275 Palestine, 379-380 Palmer, Aaron H., 178 Parker, Richard, 321 Parker, Theodore, 141 Parks, Paul, 378 Parks, Rosa, 389 Pawnees, 91-97 Payton, Philip A., Jr., 323-324 Pearl Harbor, 16, 205, 212, 341-342, 359,361,367,381,382 Penobscots,27,38 People v. Hall, 189 Pequot War of 1637, 41 Pequots,31,38,41 Percy, George, 35 Perry, Matthew C., 232 Philippines, 212, 238 Pico, Pio, 162 picture brides, 233-237, 350 pidgin English, 249, 251, 441 Pilgrims, 38-40 Pits, Helen, 117 Pitts, Lucia M., 354 Plessy v. Ferguson, 130, 388 Plymouth colony, 39-41, 45 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (Wheatley), 65-66 pogroms,262-263,28~393 Polk, James K., 158 Pollard, Edward, 104 Poon, Boon-Pui, 410-411 Poon, Wei-Chi, 410-411 Portuguese,238,240,243,245,246 Pory, John, 53 Potato Famine, 8, 131, 135-136, 137 Potsdam Conference, 381-382

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 351 Powhatan, Chief, 35 Powhatans, 27, 34-35, 37 Prinz, Joachim, 392-393 "Problem of the Color Line," 7, 339-340, 439 promise of the changing colors of the American people, 439 promised land, 8, 42, 264, 290, 292, 318, 394 Prospero. See The Tempest Prosser, Gabriel, 71 Puerto Ricans, 240,247 Punch, John, 55 Purchas, Samuel, 36 Puritans, 26, 40-43

Al-Qaeda, 10, 420 Qayoumi, Mohammad, 423-424 Quan, Lonnie, 359

Rahi, Sediqullah, 419 railroad African Americans and, 12 Chinese and, 12, 78, 94, 178, 181-182, 428 Indiansand,93-97,219-220,222-223 Irish and, 12, 78, 94, 138 Japanese and, 12-13, 253 Mexicans and, 13, 171-172, 294-295, 297,307 strikes, 13, 128, 210 Rains, Gabriel, 86 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 3, 30, 33 Randolph, A. Philip, 16, 351, 355, 385, 392 Randolph, Thomas, 69-70 Rankin, Carol, 443 Reagan, Ronald, 18, 387, 402-403, 429 Reconstruction, 125, 187 Red Cloud, 97 redress and reparations, 8, 386-387 Reed, Ishmael, 19 Reitman, Zarpana, 423-425 Rejon, Manuel Crescion, 165 Rich, Adrienne, 19 Ridge, John, 88, 89 Riegner, Gerhart, 375 Riis, Jacob, 269 riots, 144-145, 357-358, 393, 396,

400-402,444 Rischin, Moses, 271 Robinson, Jackie, 9, 394 Rodriguez, Richard, 401-402 Roediger, David, 154 Rolfe, John, 51 Romandia, Alex, 361-362 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 358, 373 Roosevelt, Franklin, 380 NewDealand,225,334,335 World War II and, 16, 341-344, 347, 350-351,355-358,361,372-378 Roosevelt, Theodore, 212, 223

Rosenfeld, Morris, 276 Ross,John,82,87-90 Ross, Quatie, 90 Rowan, Carl T., 357-358, 388 Russia, 9-10, 262-265, 381, 411, 418-419, 423-425. See also Jews

Saaed, Nadeem, 10, 423, 424-425 Said, Edward, 177 Salazar, Margarita, 365-366 Sambo, 104-112 Sampson, Calvin T., 140 Sanchez, Jose Maria, 156 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 157 "savagery," and "civilization," 28, 31, 33, 43, 45, 48, 80-81, 97, 175-177, 216, 221 Schacter, Herschel, 379 Schermerhorn, J. F., 88-89 Schrier, Arnold, 152 Schurz, Carl, 222 Schuyler, George, 351 Schwartz, Harry, 410 Schwerner, Michael, 393 Scott, Emmett J., 319 Scott, Krashaun, 400 Scott, Winfield, 89, 163 The Screwtape Letters (Lewis, C.), 442 segregation, 99-102, 129-130, 324,334, 350-355,385,388-389 Sengstacke, John, 358 Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 100, 404,420,422-423 Serra, Junipero, 160 Seymour, Horatio, 188 Shakespeare, William. See The Tempest Shalala, Donna, 6 Shanks, William, 140 Shapiro, Sofiya, 407 Shawnees, 46 Sherman, William, 123, 124, 127 Shima, George, 255 Shoji, Torno, 19 Sikhs, 300-302 Silko, Leslie Marmon, 18 Simms, William Gilmore, 104 Sing, Ling, 189 Sioux,96,215,219 Sir John Oldcastle, 28 Sitkoff, Harvard, 333-334 Sitting Bull, 215 Skraelings, 24 slavery, 51-52, 56-71, 98-99, 102-118, 121-122,444 abolition of, 62-64, 67-68, 71, 75, 99, 116,142,144,156,439 cotton and, 77-78 Irish and, 8 Jefferson and, 62-71 laws regarding, 11, 56, 60-61, 75 Lincoln on, 7, 15, 144 revolts, 71, 106-107, 116, 393

slavery (cont.) urban, 114-115 women and, 112-113 Sloat, John D., 162 smallpox, 39-40, 93 Smith, Ashbel, 164 Smith, Fred, 352-353 Smith, John, 28, 31, 34-35, 36 Sone, Monica, 260-261 The Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), 339 Spain,25,32, 159-160 Spalding, John Lancaster, 149 Spanish-American War, 212, 238 Spenser, Edmund, 29, 30 Spingarn, Joel E., 393 SS St. Louis, 374 Stampp, Kenneth, 103, 107 Statue of Liberty, 266, 405 Steinberg,Stephen, 148 Steinem, Gloria, 436 Stevens, Johnie, 354 Stevens,Thadeus, 124,125 Stimson, Henry L., 342-344, 347,353, 381 Stony mountains, 79, 97, 209 The Story of Yeshiva (Klaperman), 266-267 Strachey, William, 32 strikes, 13, 127, 128, 140-141 African Americans and, 320 Chinese and, 13, 140-141, 182, 184, 243,245 in Hawaii, 237-238, 242-246 Irish and, 13, 140-141 Italians and, 175, 278 Jews and, 277-280 Mexicans and, 174-176, 299-300 railroad, 13, 128, 210 Strong, Josiah, 210 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 391 Sumner, Charles, 124, 125 Sung, Betty Lee, 205 Sunga, Bagga Singh, 301 Sutter, John, 165 Sweat, Robert, 54

Takaki, Kimiyo, 250 Takaki, Minoru, 247, 250 Takaki, Mitsue, 250 Takaki, Nicholas, 5 Takaki, Ronald, 6, 441-445 Takaki, Susumu, 250 Takaki, Toshio, 251 Takei, George, 346 Taliban, 10, 419-421 Tammany Hall, 153 Taylor, Graham D., 227 Taylor, Zachary, 158, 164 The Tempest (Shakespeare), 27-28, 31-34 Caliban in, 28-29, 31-33, 36, 37, 42, 48,49-51,57, 177,262,435

Prosperoin,28,31,33,36,37,48, 50-51,57,67,405,435 Terrecowah, Chief, 96 Texas, 156-158, 166,168, 170-171, 293-296,303-304 textile industry, 12, 76, 78, 127, 145, 149-150,234 Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston), 331-332 Thomas, Lorenzo, 16 Thompson, James G., 16-17 tobacco,4,36,51,53-54,58,75 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 86, 99, 101 tongs, 196, 197 Toomer, Jean, 330-332 Towrson, William, 49 Trail of Tears, 87-91 transcontinental railroad, 12, 93-97, 138, 181-182,219-223 treaties, 79, 81, 83-89, 95, 223 of Dancing Rabbit Creek, 84-87 of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 163, 164, 167, 178 of Medicine Lodge Creek, 223 of New Echota, 88-89 Trevor, John B., 373 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, 276-277, 285 Trilling, Lionel, 289 A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, 43-44 Trujillo, Carmen Diera, 429-430 Truman, Harry, 17,349, 379-382, 385 Tucker, Cynthia, 433 Tucker, William, 36-37 Turner, Frederick Jackson, 4-5, 44, 97, 216 Turner, Nat, 107-108 Tuskegee Institute, 128, 130 Tuskegee pilots, 353

Ulibarri, Sabine R., 387-388 unions, 153-154, 174-175, 243-244, 277-279,321-322,334-335.See also strikes Universal Negro Improvement Association, 326-327 The Uprooted (Handlin), 5 Urban League, 333-335

Vallejo, Dona Francisca, 160-161 Vallejo, Mariano, 158-162, 168 Vallejo, Salvador, 159, 168 Verdugo, Julio, 169 Vesey, Denmark, 106 Vespucci, Amerigo, 33 Vietnamese, 411-418 Chinese in Vietnam, 413-414 in "Little Saigon," 417-418 as refugees, 412-414 in San Jose, 418 as second wave ofrefugees, 414

in employment and business, 417-418 Vietnam War and, 412-413 women, 415-416 younger generation, 416 Vikings, 23-25 Vinland, 23-25 Virginia, 3-4, 7, 10, 28, 30-37, 50-71 Virginia Company, 33-34 Voorhis, Jerry, 362-363

Wagner-Rogers bill, 373-374 Walker, Alice, 436 Walker, David, 98-99, 397 Walker, Francis Amasa, 218-221 Wallace, Henry, 382 Wallace, Mike, 402 Wampanoags, 27, 38, 40-41 War for Independence, 11 Washington, Booker T., 128-129, 316, 327 Watanabe,Teru,345 Watts riot, 396, 444 Waymouth, George, 32 We Will Never Die (Hecht), 377 Weber, Max, 209 Weizmann, Chaim, 380 Wells, Sumner, 376, 377 West, Cornel, 6 West of Kabul, East of New York (Ansary), 424 Wexler, Mollie, 274 Wheatley, Phillis, 65-66 White, Richard, 230 White, Walter, 383 Whitman, Walt, 6, 11, 164, 439, 445 Whitney, Eli, 75 Wilcox, George, 238 Wilhelm, John W., 428 Williams, Eugene, 322 Williams, Mary Daniels, 384-385 Williams, Roger, 31, 38 Willkie, Wendell, 339 Willoughby, Charles, 348 Wilson, Pete, 402 Winthrop, John, 26, 31, 38, 40, 48, 163,211

Wise, Stephen, 372-376, 379 Wishart, David J., 93 women. See African Americans; Chinese; Irish; Japanese; Jews; Mexicans; slavery Wong, Ah So, 193 Wong, Chin Foo, 185 Wong, Jade Snow, 205 Wong, Victor, 204, 205 Wood, William, 41 Woods, Kultida, 436-437 Woods, Tiger, 436-437 World War I, 265, 279, 313, 319-320 World War II, 16-17, 335, 339-382. See also Pearl Harbor African Americans and, 339-340, 350-359 Chinese and, 359-361 Indians and, 367-371 Italians and, 344, 348 Japanese and, 8, 16-17, 18, 341-350, 378-379,380-382,386-387 Jews and, 371-380 Mexicans and, 361-367 Wounded Knee, 213, 214-216 Wovoka, 214-215 Wright, Richard, 317,318

Yamaguchi, Y., 174 Yamato Colony, 256-257 Yamauchi,Tsuru,235 Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia, 147 Yar, Naseem, 422 Yasui, Minoru, 344-345 Yellow Bird, 215-216 The Yemassee (Simms), 104 Yezierska, Anzia, 270, 274 Young, Coleman, 353 Young, James E., 406 Young, Koon Keu, 441

Zinn, Howard, 9, 393 Zionism, 379-380